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Cognitive impairment in diabetes ( CID) is one of the complications of diabetes .The features of mild or moderate cognitive disorder and the decread abilities in memory and studying are the main symptoms of CID .But it′s mechanism is still un-known .NF-κB is the original signal activator , it can activate other signal pathway of cell dysfunction .With the influence of hyperglyce-mia and oxidative stress, the expression of NF-κB is enhanced, that leads to the changes of the expression of NOS , MMP-9, TNF-α, then, these changes lead to the apoptosis of hippocampus neuron cell .This review focuses on NF-κB in order to provide evidences in studying CID by reviewing the relationship between NF-κB and it′s relative factors of NOS, MMP-9, TNF-αand CID.
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Hippocampus is an important structure of neural memory circuit , which plays an important role in learning and memory integration in human and animal .Vision is the most important channel for people to accept information , while the vision system is the most common organ contacting information from outside .The retina as an important part of the visual system , plays a key role in human cognition of the objective world .The study found that many of pathological changes of the body will make the patients cognitive function decline , but molecular mechanism remains unclear .With the research on cognitive dysfunction was penetrated , the link be-tween how VEGF , PKC expression in hippocampus and retinal tissue and cognitive dysfunction was reviewed in this article .
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of follow-ups on medical compliance behaviors and quality of life of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods One hundred GERD patients who were hospitalized in our department from June 2012 to June 2013 were divided into intervention group (n=50) and control group (n=50) according to the random number table. Both groups received the same drug treatment and conventional nursing during hospitalization.The control group received periodically outpatient follow-ups,while the intervention group received professional follow-ups by trained nurses after discharge from hospital. The compliance behaviors and quality of life in these patients were assessed and statistically analyzed after 6 months nursing intervention or outpatient follow-up.Results With the implement of follow-up in patients with GERD,the intervention group was better than the control group in compliance behaviors,including the decrement of smoking and drinking,strong tea,coffee,having midnight snack and spicy food (P<0.05),but there was no difference in the behavior of staying-up between the two groups.Concerning the quality of life,the intervention group was significantly better than the control group in the 6 items excluding the physical and physiological functions (P<0.05).Conclusion Professional follow-ups can improve compliance behavior and quality of life of GERD patients.
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Diabetic cognitive impairment is one of the chronic complications of diabetes,and the pathogenesis has not yet been fully clarified. In recent years, more and more studies of CID showed that the changes of NMDA receptor and subunits NR2A and NR2B might be important during the period of the diabetes,and they are associated with the mechanism of cognitive impairment. This article makes a summary on these researches so as to lay the foundation for a further study.
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To observe the potential protective effect of angiopoietin-1 [Ang-1] on rat choroidal neovascularization [CNV] leakage. The study was conducted at the Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China from June 2012 to June 2013. Thirty CNV model rats were induced by laser. In vivo, fluorescein fundus angiography and pathological techniques were applied to detect the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and Ang-1 intravitreous injection. In vitro, 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2, 5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay was applied to detect the proliferation of cultured bovine retinal endothelial cells [BRECs] after treatment with VEGF and Ang-1. Transmission electron microscopy [TEM] was used to detect the morphological changes under VEGF and Ang-1. In the CNV rat model, less late leakage was found in the Ang-1 group than the vehicle control or the VEGF group. The MTT assay showed Ang-1 administration inhibited the proliferation of BRECs. The VEGF promoted proliferation at low concentrations and inhibited the proliferation when its concentration reached 50 ng/ml. The administration of VEGF+Ang-1 rescued the inhibition effect of Ang-1 alone. The TEM results showed that there were less intercellular junctions in the VEGF group compared with the vehicle control. In the VEGF + Ang-1 group, the intercellular junctions were nearly normal. The Ang-1 can induce intercellular junction formation and decrease the CNV leakage
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Angiopoietin-1 , Angiopoietin-1/pharmacology , Rats , Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapyABSTRACT
Cognitive impairment in diabetes (CID) is a severe chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, and its pathogenesis has not yet been fully understood. Increasing evidence has shown that the distribution and expression of N-methyl-D-aspartame receptor (NMDAR) and subunits NR2A and NR2B, which all participated in the development of the central nervous system and formation of learning and memory, are correlated with the occurrence and development of CID.
Subject(s)
Humans , Central Nervous System , Cognition Disorders , Genetics , Diabetes Mellitus , Memory , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate , MetabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The phakic intraocular lens implantation has advantages of reversibility and accommodative capability, which is a promising refractive operation. Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation is a developing method for the correction of extreme myopia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and stability of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation for the correction of extreme myopia. METHODS: This study included 18 eyes of 11 patients whose received posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation at Shierming Eye Hospital from March 2006 to January 2009, including 4 males (7 eyes) and 7 females (11 eyes). All patients were followed-up 3-6 months, mean 5.3 months. The refraction, intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, endothelial cell morphometry, as well as lens opacities were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After operation, naked visions of the 18 eyes were better than or equal to preoperative corrective vision, and the astigmatism was relieved obviously. The naked contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity was better than that before the operation. The anterior chamber depth, intraocular pressure and corneal endothelium counting before and after the operation had no significant difference. No serious complication was detected during the follow-up. The vision decent at night and dazzling sensation occurred in 2 cases. Shot-term observation shows that implanting intraocular lens in posterior chamber to correct high myopia is safe, stable and predictable. This operation is a promising method for correcting high myopia.
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An experiment of applying bilingual teaching to the course of pathology on the sophomores (students in Grade 2002) was carried out in our department in April 2004. This paper will research the feasibility and necessity of the methodology,ponder the problems in the course of teaching and put forward some suggestions in order to conduct bilingual teaching smoothly on the basis of practice and theory.